Foundations
Before you calculate anything, you need to know what you're measuring, how you're collecting it, and what kind of variable you're looking at. These five tools build that vocabulary with scenarios instead of definitions.
Statistics Terminology & Study Designs
LiveSort real research scenarios into observational studies and experiments, then see how the same question leads to different conclusions depending on the design.
FoundationsSampling Errors, Bias & Variables
LiveRun biased and unbiased samples side by side on the same population and watch how a "good-looking" sample can still be wildly off.
FoundationsFrequency & Relative Frequency Tables and Histograms
LiveDrag a bin-width slider and watch the same dataset tell completely different stories depending on how you group it.
FoundationsDescriptive Statistics
Mean, median, standard deviation -- these numbers summarize thousands of data points into a few. These tools let you break them by dragging outliers, skewing distributions, and watching the formulas respond in real time.
Measures of Central Tendency
LiveDrag an outlier slider and watch the mean chase it while the median barely flinches. This is why we report median income, not mean income.
DescriptiveProbability
Loot box drops, free throw streaks, dating app match rates -- probability runs every game and every algorithm you interact with. These tools build your intuition from coin flips to Venn diagrams.
Introduction to Probability
LiveFlip coins, roll dice, and draw cards while watching experimental probability converge toward theoretical probability as trials stack up.
ProbabilityUnderstanding Probability
LiveBuild your own probability distribution from scratch. A visual filling bar enforces the rule that all probabilities must sum to 1.
ProbabilityBasic Probability Rules
LiveClick regions of an interactive Venn diagram and watch union, intersection, and complement probabilities calculate live.
ProbabilityDistributions
The normal curve shows up in SAT scores, daily step counts, espresso pull times, and nearly every natural process you can measure. These tools let you reshape it, sample from it, and prove the Central Limit Theorem to yourself.
Discrete Probability Distributions
LiveEnter your own probability distribution, watch the bar chart build, and see the mean and standard deviation calculate automatically as you type.
DistributionsBasic Continuous Density Functions
LiveDrag boundary markers under a smooth curve and watch the shaded area -- your probability -- change in real time.
DistributionsParameters of the Normal Distribution
LiveSlide μ and σ and watch the bell curve stretch, compress, and shift. Convert any x-value to a z-score instantly.
DistributionsInference
Every A/B test, clinical trial, and quality control check runs on confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. These tools walk you through the logic before the formulas, so the math has somewhere to land.
Confidence Intervals -- Point Estimates and Margin of Error
LiveEnter a confidence interval to extract the point estimate and margin of error, or enter parameters to build one. Formula shown step by step.
InferenceUnderstanding Confidence Intervals
LiveWatch 100 confidence intervals animate one at a time. Green captures μ, red misses. The running percentage shows what "95% confident" actually means.
InferenceCI for Population Mean (σ Known)
LiveBuild a confidence interval on a number line, then reverse the formula to find the sample size. Doubling precision requires quadrupling n.
InferenceHypothesis Testing -- Terminology and Process
LiveWalk through an interactive flowchart of the hypothesis testing process. Each stage reveals its explanation when you click it.
InferenceBasics of Hypothesis Testing
LiveSelect a claim type and watch the null and alternative hypotheses generate in correct notation, with the rejection region shaded in the right tail(s).
InferenceSignificance Levels, Critical Values, and Test Statistics
LiveDrag the α slider and watch the rejection region, critical value, and p-value all respond in real time on a single distribution curve.
InferenceAnalyzing Hypothesis Tests in Research
LiveRead a real research scenario, identify the test type, enter the statistics, and build a conclusion step by step with feedback at each stage.
InferenceDeveloping Hypotheses and Possible Conclusions
LiveSet your decision and the true state in a Type I / Type II error matrix. See which error applies and why these are tradeoffs, not mistakes to eliminate.
InferenceRegression
Hours studied vs. GPA, screen time vs. sleep, ice cream sales vs. drowning rates. Regression finds the line; these tools teach you when to trust it and when correlation is lying to you.
Linear Regression Equations and Application
LiveDrag points on a scatter plot and watch the least-squares regression line and equation recalculate with every move.
Regression